Combined transport: what it is and what its key features are

Combined transport is a logistics method that integrates different transport modes – such as road, rail, and sea – to ensure greater efficiency, sustainability, and safety in freight transport. In this article, you will learn what combined transport is, how it works, and what distinguishes it from intermodal transport.

What is combined transport?

Combined transport involves moving goods using multiple modes of transport within a single logistics chain, without ever handling the cargo during transfers. Goods are typically loaded into containers, swap bodies, or semi-trailers, which can shift from truck to train or ship and back again.

The key feature of combined transport is that the main leg of the journey takes place by rail or inland waterway, while road transport is limited to the first and last few kilometres, known as the first mile and last mile. This approach helps reduce road congestion, pollutant emissions, and transport costs, while increasing the safety of the transported goods.

Main advantages of combined transport:

• Reduction of road traffic and CO₂ emissions.

• Greater efficiency over long distances thanks to the use of trains and ships.

• Improved cargo safety due to reduced handling.

• Optimization of transport costs in the medium to long term.

Difference between combined transport and intermodal transport

The terms combined transport and intermodal transport are often used as synonyms, but they actually refer to slightly different concepts.

Intermodal transport:
Covers any transport method that uses multiple modes (road, rail, sea) with a single loading unit, without ever unloading the goods. The emphasis is on the logistical coordination of transport modes.

Combined transport:
A specific form of intermodal transport, regulated and incentivised by the European Union, in which the main leg is carried out by rail or waterway and road transport is limited to the initial and final sections. Its primary goal is environmental sustainability and the reduction of road traffic.

Combined transport is therefore a strategic solution for companies and logistics operators aiming to optimize costs, reduce environmental impact, and ensure greater safety in freight handling. Choosing this method means investing in modern and sustainable logistics, fully aligned with European mobility policies.

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